Armin Risi
Philosoph • Autor • Referent
TranscEnding the Global Power Game
Instead of a Foreword, a Fore-story
The Memory GeniusAt once the audience fell silent. It’s starting! The young chess champion had entered the hall and was moving towards the stage where his opponents were already seated in front of their chess boards – nervous and tense, for they were to take part in a ‘superhuman’ happening. Usually chess is a game in which two opponents face each other at a board of 64 black and white squares, with each player alternately making his moves. But Harry Nelson Pillsbury, an ingenious chess player from America, had come up with a unique and sensational technique of playing: without seeing the board! He had such a phenomenal memory that he could play ‘blindly’. He sat either blindfolded in front of the board or was seated at a distance, but still, his masterful style of playing was hardly diminished. His opponents, who, of course, could play seeing the board, were always amazed at how quickly and precisely he answered their moves (in spoken chess language): pawn h2 to h4, queen f3 to e4, knight takes pawn on g4. Then, Pillsbury began to play several blind games simultaneously. As a teenager, he had gained his first renown in America by playing three or four games at one go. He had learnt to play chess relatively late, at the age of sixteen. But after three years he was already known among insiders to be a future champion. In the spring of 1895, at the age of 22, Pillsbury was invited to the ‘Grand International Chess Tournament’ in Hastings (England) – the greatest tournament in chess history up till that time. World champion Emanuel Lasker, former world champion Wilhelm Steinitz as well as all top players from three generations had gathered to participate in this historic challenge. Pillsbury lost against Lasker, but this was only a minor setback for him. During one phase of the tournament he won nine games in a row, and so, at the end, he emerged victorious. The sensation was perfect. Pillsbury became one of the first professional chess players of his time. Due to his victory in Hastings he was qualified to take part in the challenge tournament of St Petersburg (1895/6), where the three top world-championship candidates and Lasker had to play six games against each other. After the first half, Pillsbury was sovereignly leading. He had defeated Lasker twice, with one game drawn! In the fourth round, Lasker defeated Pillsbury in a spectacular way. The second half became a fiasco for Pillsbury. He lost all his games except for three draws (two against Lasker). The world champion ended this competition as clear winner, two points ahead of Steinitz, 3½ ahead of Pillsbury and 4½ ahead of Tchigorin. In the following tournament of Nuremberg 1896, Pillsbury again defeated Lasker, who won the tournament nonetheless. A strange destiny followed Pillsbury: during some games he lost his famed concentration, which caused him to ruin even won positions. Thus, he spoiled one tournament victory after the other. These sometimes incomprehensible errors as well as his habit of incessantly smoking cigars hinted at something that was deeply gnawing within this young man …
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